Oxygen enrichment
Oxygen is the most important oxidation agent in the context of water treatment. In addition, a sufficient oxygen content is relevant for the drinking water quality and for the…
Radioactive and anthropogenic substances
Naturally radioactive substances (radon, uranium) as well as anthropogenic substances such as pharmaceuticals, fertilisers and pesticides as well as…
Hygiene processing and disinfection
Microbiological contamination can occur in natural water resources as well as during transport due to damage in the pipeline network and in reservoirs. In…
Nanofiltration and Reverse osmosis (RO)
Reverse osmosis is a pressure-driven physical process for separating liquids and substances dissolved in them. They are used in particular at saltwater…
Membrane processes
The following processes are grouped together under membrane processes:
Microfiltration (MF) Ultrafiltration (UF) Nanofiltration (NF) Reverse osmosis (RO)
Micro- and…
Centralised softening of drinking water
The term "water hardness" primarily refers to the concentration of the alkaline earth metals magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) dissolved in water. The higher…
Deacidification and Hardening
Drinking water must be corrosion-neutral in accordance with applicable regulations. The Drinking Water Ordinance specifies a pH range between 6.5 (slightly acidic) and…
Arsenic removal
In addition to iron and manganese, arsenic is another trace element that occurs particularly in reduced groundwater (deep groundwater). Arsenic contamination of drinking water is…
Demanganisation
The limit value for manganese in drinking water is 0.05 mg/l. This low value is not based on health considerations but primarily serves to protect the distribution network from…
Iron Removal
Drinking water with an iron content of more than 0.2 mg/l must be treated, even if iron does not pose an immediate health risk.
Iron impairs the sensory quality of drinking…
